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Autonomous mobility
Fleet Operators
Which companies run the most autonomous cars day to day (depots, charging, cleaning and maintenance), whoever built the driving system or books the rides.
How to read the scores. Every AVFox ranking uses the same yardstick: 10 means 10 billion autonomous trips or deliveries a year, about the number of rides Uber completes worldwide, and 3 marks the start of driverless commercial service. Each point in between is meant to take about the same effort to climb. The score measures one thing: how many autonomous trips or deliveries a company completes today, not its potential, profitability, safety or quality of service. Few companies publish these numbers, so most scores are estimates built from public information.
- Geography
- Global, excluding mainland China (a version including China will follow)
- Status
- Research preview
- Methodology
- Fleet Operators methodology v0.1
Research preview
Research preview under methodology v0.1, using public information available through November 8, 2026. Few companies report trips by fleet operator, so most figures here are our estimates: each driving company's trips are split across the companies that run its cars, city by city. The information is imperfect, so the ranking is too: read the scores as an informed approximation, not an exact count. All scores are estimates. This edition covers rides outside mainland China.
Research cutoff: November 8, 2026
| Rank | Operator | Deployment stage | Score (out of 10) | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  WaymoDriverless commercial Runs its own depots in eight of its 15 cities, including the Bay Area and Los Angeles. | Driverless commercial | 4.9 | Runs its own depots in eight of its 15 cities, including the Bay Area and Los Angeles. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedWaymo's 30.3M trips a year (as in ADS) are split by city. Waymo runs about 2,620 of its ~4,000 cars itself: Bay Area ≈1,330 and Los Angeles ≈930 (April 2026 counts scaled by fleet growth), plus Houston, Tampa, Denver, Orlando, San Antonio and Las Vegas, ≈350 together by metro population. At about 7,360 trips a car, that's 19.3M (estimated) → 4.89, shown as 4.9. Partners run the other third of its cars, so this sits below Waymo's ADS score. FootprintWaymo-run depots in the SF Bay Area, Los Angeles, Houston, San Antonio, Orlando, Tampa, Denver and Las Vegas. Contractors such as Transdev staff some depots; Waymo runs them. What would move the scorePublished city fleet counts from Waymo, or a fleet partner taking over Houston, San Antonio or Orlando, which Waymo has said may happen. | ||||
| 2 |  MooveDriverless commercial Runs Waymo's fleets in Phoenix and Miami. | Driverless commercial | 4.4 | Runs Waymo's fleets in Phoenix and Miami. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedPhoenix had about 500 Waymo cars in April 2026, ≈670 after scaling by Waymo's fleet growth. Miami has no published count, so it takes its population share of the unassigned cars, ≈100. About 770 cars × 7,360 trips = 5.6M a year (estimated) → 4.35, shown as 4.4. FootprintFleet operations, facilities and charging for Waymo in Phoenix (since 2025) and Miami (since January 2026). Not the same company as Moove Cars, now Avomo. What would move the scoreA published Phoenix or Miami fleet count, or another Waymo city for Moove. | ||||
| 3 |  AvomoDriverless commercial Runs Waymo's Uber-only fleets in Austin and Atlanta, for Uber. | Driverless commercial | 4.2 | Runs Waymo's Uber-only fleets in Austin and Atlanta, for Uber. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedAustin had about 200 Waymo cars and Atlanta about 100 in April 2026, ≈400 after scaling by fleet growth. Cars booked only through Uber run about 30% more trips: 400 × 1.3 × 7,360 = 3.8M a year (estimated) → 4.19, shown as 4.2. FootprintCleaning, maintenance, inspections, charging and depots for Waymo on Uber in Austin and Atlanta. Formerly Moove Cars; Uber holds about 30%. What would move the scoreA newer Austin count. Waymo told Texas Standard it had about 300 cars there in late April, which would lift this to 4.3; we use 200 because at 300 Austin's cars would log fewer miles each than any non-Uber city's, though Uber cars run busier. | ||||
| 4 |  TeslaDriverless commercial Runs its own robotaxi fleet. | Driverless commercial | 3.8 | Runs its own robotaxi fleet. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedSame trips as ADS: about 1.65M driverless miles in Q3 2026 × 4 ÷ 6.7 miles per trip = about 1.0M trips a year (estimated) → 3.76, shown as 3.8. Shares 3.8 with Avis; first on full precision. FootprintTesla's own driverless robotaxis in its service cities; 300+ driverless vehicles. What would move the scoreTesla's Q4 driverless miles, or a reported trip count. | ||||
| 5 |  Avis Budget GroupDriverless commercial Runs Waymo's Dallas fleet. | Driverless commercial | 3.8 | Runs Waymo's Dallas fleet. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedWaymo hasn't published a Dallas count, so Dallas takes its population share of the cars left after the published counts: ≈130 cars × 7,360 trips = 0.97M a year (estimated) → 3.76, shown as 3.8. Shares 3.8 with Tesla; second on full precision. FootprintEnd-to-end fleet management for Waymo in Dallas under an exclusive multiyear deal: infrastructure, readiness, maintenance and depots. What would move the scoreA published Dallas fleet count, or a second Waymo city for Avis. | ||||
| 6 |  Tawasul TransportDriverless commercial Runs WeRide's driverless robotaxis on Uber in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. | Driverless commercial | 3.7 | Runs WeRide's driverless robotaxis on Uber in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedAbout 150 driverless WeRide cars on Uber in the UAE (estimated) × 17.5 rides a day × 365 = 0.96M a year → 3.75. Tesla, Avis and Tawasul all round to 3.8, and at most two companies share a score, so Tawasul, third on full precision, shows 3.7. FootprintFleet operator for WeRide on Uber in Abu Dhabi (since December 2024) and Dubai; holds Abu Dhabi's driverless commercial permit with WeRide. What would move the scoreUber expects nearly 200 driverless cars in the UAE by year-end, which would lift this to about 3.8. | ||||
| 7 |  ZooxDriverless commercial Runs its own purpose-built robotaxis. | Driverless commercial | 3.6 | Runs its own purpose-built robotaxis. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedSame trips as ADS: about 100 vehicles × 5,000 trips a year = 0.5M (estimated) → 3.59, shown as 3.6. FootprintZoox's own service: paid rides in Las Vegas, free rides in other cities. About 100 vehicles (press reports). What would move the scoreA reported Zoox ride count or fleet size. | ||||
| 8 |  Element Fleet ManagementDriverless commercial Runs Waymo's San Diego fleet. | Driverless commercial | 3.5 | Runs Waymo's San Diego fleet. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedSan Diego has no published count, so it takes its population share: ≈50 cars × 7,360 trips = 0.38M a year (estimated) → 3.52, shown as 3.5. FootprintVehicle lifecycle, charging, maintenance coordination and fleet optimization for Waymo, starting in San Diego (public service since September 2026). What would move the scoreA published San Diego count, or more Waymo cities for Element, as the deal allows. | ||||
| 9 |  Lyft (Flexdrive)Driverless commercial Lyft's Flexdrive runs Waymo's Nashville fleet. | Driverless commercial | 3.4 | Lyft's Flexdrive runs Waymo's Nashville fleet. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedNashville has no published count ("dozens"), so it takes its population share: ≈33 cars × 7,360 trips = 0.25M a year (estimated) → 3.41, shown as 3.4. The fleet is booked in both the Waymo and Lyft apps; that split matters in Demand, not here. FootprintEnd-to-end fleet management for Waymo in Nashville (maintenance, infrastructure, depots) through Flexdrive, Lyft's fleet subsidiary. What would move the scoreA published Nashville count; Lyft expects to grow the fleet. | ||||
| 10 |  May MobilityDriverless public shuttle, restricted route · Restricted ODD Runs its own fleets, including a driverless public shuttle near Atlanta. Restricted ODD: Fixed route with set stops, weekdays only. Scored below 3.0 until the service runs all week, all day or across an area. | Driverless public shuttle, restricted route · Restricted ODD | 2.4 | Runs its own fleets, including a driverless public shuttle near Atlanta. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedBest market: the driverless public shuttle in Peachtree Corners, Georgia. 1.5 (riders) + public riders 0.4 + no one aboard 0.4 + approval 0.1 (Georgia requires none) = 2.4, the same as its ADS score. It runs weekdays on one corridor with set stops, so it stays below 3.0. FootprintPeachtree Corners shuttle; supervised Lyft service in Midtown Atlanta; other US pilots. What would move the scoreService 7 days a week and 12+ hours a day across an area, or driverless commercial rides in Atlanta. | ||||
| 11 |  AvrideSupervised public rides Runs its own robotaxi fleet on Uber in Dallas. | Supervised public rides | 2.2 | Runs its own robotaxi fleet on Uber in Dallas. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculated1.5 (riders) + public riders 0.4 + a 31 sq mi service area 0.2 + Texas DMV authorization 0.1 = 2.2. A safety driver is aboard and there's no driverless date. Avride, Verne and MOIA all score 2.2; Avride is listed first, carrying riders since December 2025. FootprintUber riders in central Dallas. Avride manages the fleet for now; Uber plans to take over day-to-day operations. What would move the scoreDriverless rides or a stated driverless date. If Uber takes over operations, the credit moves to Uber. | ||||
| 12 |  VerneSupervised public rides Owns and runs the Zagreb robotaxi fleet, booked in its app and on Uber. | Supervised public rides | 2.2 | Owns and runs the Zagreb robotaxi fleet, booked in its app and on Uber. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculated1.5 (riders) + public riders 0.4 + an area (city centre and airport) 0.2 + a stated driverless target (end of 2026) 0.1 = 2.2, the same as its Demand score. A safety operator is aboard. Second of the three at 2.2, carrying riders since April 2026. FootprintZagreb, with Pony.ai's driving system; booked in the Verne app and on Uber since August 2026. What would move the scoreRemoving the safety operator, which Verne targets for the end of 2026. | ||||
| 13 |  MOIASupervised public rides Runs its own autonomous ride-pooling fleet in Hamburg. | Supervised public rides | 2.1 | Runs its own autonomous ride-pooling fleet in Hamburg. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculated1.5 (riders) + public riders 0.4 + an area 0.2 + a stated driverless date (2027) 0.1 = 2.2, the same as its Demand score. Three operators score 2.2 and at most two can share a score; MOIA started carrying riders last (July 2026), so it shows 2.1. FootprintUp to 10 VW ID. Buzz AD vans with Mobileye's system in parts of Hamburg; safety driver aboard. What would move the score25+ vehicles, all-day service, or driverless rides (planned for 2027). | ||||
| 14 |  MotionalSupervised public rides Runs its own robotaxi fleet on Uber in Las Vegas. | Supervised public rides | 2.0 | Runs its own robotaxi fleet on Uber in Las Vegas. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculated1.5 (riders) + public riders 0.4 + a stated driverless date (end of 2026) 0.1 = 2.0. A safety monitor is aboard, and pickups are at five set zones rather than across an area. FootprintUber riders at Resorts World, Encore, Westgate, Town Square and Downtown Las Vegas. What would move the scoreDriverless rides (due by the end of 2026) or an area-wide service. | ||||
| 15 |  Oro MobilityAnnounced Hertz's fleet affiliate; will run Uber's Lucid–Nuro robotaxis in the Bay Area. | Announced | 1.1 | Hertz's fleet affiliate; will run Uber's Lucid–Nuro robotaxis in the Bay Area. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedNo riders yet. Signed Bay Area agreement 0.4 + committed fleet 0.4 (Uber's commitment to at least 35,000 Lucid robotaxis, with test cars on Bay Area roads) + a stated launch date (later in 2026) 0.3 = 1.1. No permit yet for driverless or paid rides. Shares 1.1 with Nihon Kotsu; first on fleet size. FootprintCharging, maintenance, repairs, cleaning and depot staffing for Uber's robotaxi program; Oro also runs driver-led fleets on Uber. What would move the scoreThe Bay Area launch (1.5 or more), or the launch date passing without it (−0.3). | ||||
| 16 |  Nihon KotsuAnnounced Tokyo's largest taxi company; manages Waymo's Tokyo fleet. | Announced | 1.1 | Tokyo's largest taxi company; manages Waymo's Tokyo fleet. |
How we got hereHow the score was calculatedNo riders yet. Signed agreement for a commercial Tokyo service 0.4 + a committed fleet of about 100 cars 0.4 + a stated launch year (2027) 0.3 = 1.1. National and local approval is still pending. Shares 1.1 with Oro Mobility; second on fleet size. FootprintDepot operations and servicing for Waymo's test fleet in central Tokyo since 2025; its drivers are the autonomous specialists. Rides will be booked in the GO and Waymo apps. What would move the scoreGovernment approval (+0.3) or the start of rides. | ||||
Fleet only or mainly in the EU
Methodology
How the score works
Every company gets one score from 0 to 10, shown to one decimal, rounded.
What counts
The company that runs each autonomous car day to day: depots, charging, cleaning, maintenance and readiness. Not the company whose system drives the car (ADS Providers), not the app that books the ride (Demand), and not whoever finances the car. Staffing contractors working inside another company's depot don't count. Where no fleet partner is named, the driving company runs its own cars.
One trip, three rankings
Every autonomous trip counts once in each Mobility ranking: for the app that booked it, the system that drove it and the company that ran the car. Fleet Operators uses the same trip totals as ADS Providers.
Where the trips come from
We split each driving company's fleet across its cities. Published counts come first: company statements, regulators such as the California CPUC and the Texas DMV, and credible press. A count more than three months old is scaled by the company's fleet growth since then. Cars still unassigned are shared by the cities with no count, in proportion to metro population. Each car gets an equal share of the company's trips, except that cars booked only through Uber run 30% more, as Uber reports. We check the result against California's CPUC trip filings and the Texas DMV vehicle registry.
Commercial scale: 3.0 to 10
Once an operator runs driverless rides open to the public, its score comes from annual trips on the same scale as ADS Providers and Demand.
| Score | Equivalent fleet | Trips a year |
|---|---|---|
| 3.0 | Launch (≤10 cars) | ≤50,000 |
| 4.0 | 500 | 2.5M |
| 5.0 | 5,000 | 25M |
| 6.0 | 40,000 | 200M |
| 7.0 | 200,000 | 1B |
| 8.0 | 500,000 | 2.5B |
| 9.0 | 1M | 5B |
| 10.0 | 2M | 10B, about the number of rides Uber completes worldwide each year |
Before driverless commercial service: 0 to 2.9
- 0.0–1.4 Announced: a signed fleet deal, no riders yet.
- 1.5–2.9 Riders, not yet driverless commercial service: supervised, or driverless on a restricted route or schedule.
- Points within a band measure how close the operator is to its next stage. An operator with any driverless commercial market is scored on trips instead.
Coverage
Rides outside mainland China. A version including China will follow.
AVFox distinguishes announcements, permits, testing, and commercial operation. Coverage does not imply that a company has deployed or operates commercially in every market.